...........IUCTT

Monday, March 1, 2010

Health Care Systems of Malaysia

Health Care Systems of Malaysia

INTRODUCTION

Malaysia is fortunate to have a very comprehensive range of the health services. The Malaysian government is very much committed to its principles of a universal access to high-quality health care in which the local Ministry of Health offers thru wide varieties of nationwide networks of clinics and hospitals. In order to deal with the issue, a tool has been designed called the tele primary care. This method helps the doctors on remote areas to discuss problem cases by tele-consultations with specialists and doctors on hospitals.
The Evolution of Healthcare in Malaysia
The earliest pre-colonial medical cares were confined mostly on those traditional remedies that are evident today on local Chinese, Malays, and some other ethnic group populations. Since its independence way back August of 1957, the different systems of medical care were then transferred from British colonial rules to meet the growing needs of proper health care in Malaysia .At present, Malaysia is divided into two sectors—the public sectors and the private sectors. Healthcare in Malaysia is mainly under the responsibility of the government's Ministry of Health. Malaysia generally has an efficient and widespread system of health care, operating a two-tier health care system consisting of both a government-run universal healthcare system and a co-existing private healthcare system.

Defination

As defined by World Health Organization (WHO), it is a "State of complete physical, mental, and social well being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity." Health is a dynamic condition resulting from a body's constant adjustment and adaptation in response to stresses and changes in the environment for maintaining an inner equilibrium called homeostasis. Healthcare is the prevention, treatment, and management of illness and the preservation of mental and physical well-being through the services offered by the medical and allied health professions. Malaysia has a very comprehensive range of health facilities. The Malaysian Government is very particular about its principle of a universal access to high quality healthcare through wide varieties of nationwide networks of clinics and hospitals.Healthcare is given due importance in Malaysia. With a rising and aging population, the Government wishes to improve the standards in existing hospitals, building and equipping new hospitals, expansion of polyclinics and improvement in training and telehealth. Malaysia still faces a shortage in the medical workforce, especially the highly trained specialist. Because of this medical care and treatment is available only in the bigger cities. Most of the private hospitals are in the urban areas.

Tuesday, December 15, 2009

Hari Peperiksaan Semester akhir

Harapan kepada warga IUCTT yang akan menghadapi, sedang mengalami suasana peperiksaan tabah menjawab peperiksaan k

Wednesday, July 29, 2009

Breast Cancer

How is the breast designed?
The breasts sit on the chest muscles that cover the ribs. Each breast is made of 15 to 20 lobes. Lobes contain many smaller lobules. Lobules contain groups of tiny glands that can produce milk. Milk flows from the lobules through thin tubes called ducts to the nipple. The nipple is in the center of a dark area of skin called the areola. Fat fills the spaces between the lobules and ducts.
The breasts also contain lymph vessels. These vessels lead to small, round organs called lymph nodes. Groups of lymph nodes are near the breast in the axilla (underarm), above the collarbone, in the chest behind the breastbone, and in many other parts of the body. The lymph nodes trap bacteria, cancer cells, or other harmful substances.
Picture of the anatomy of the breast

Thursday, May 21, 2009

TERAPI PERNAFASAN

(BREATHING THERAPY FOR HEADACHE & TIREDNESS)

Kita memiliki hidung berlubang disebelah kiri dan disebelah kanan. Apakah fungsinya sama untuk menarik dan membuang nafas ?(Our noses have left and right nostrils. Are these nostrils having the same function for inhaling/"breathe- in" and exhaling/"breathe- out"?). Sebenarnya fungsinya tidak sama dan dapat kita rasakan bedanya, sebelah kanan mewakili matahari (mengeluarkan panas ) dan sebelah kiri mewakili bulan (mengeluarkan dingin ).( Actually it's not the same and we can feel the difference. Accordingly, the right side represents the sun/"heat" and the left side represents the moon/"cold") . Jika sakit kepala , cubalah menutup lubang hidung sebelah kanan dan bernafaslah melalui hidung sebelah kiri dan lakukan kira-kira 5 minit , sakit kepala akan sembuh .( When having headache, try to close your right nostril and use your left nostril to do breathing for about 5 min. The headache will be gone). Jika anda merasa lelah , tutuplah lubang hidung sebelah kiri dan bernafaslah melalui hidung sebelah kanan . Lakukan ulang-alik . Tak lama kemudian, anda akan merasakan segar kembali. Sebab lubang hidung sebelah kanan mengeluarkan panas, sehingga banyak sekali panas , lubang hidung sebelah kiri mengeluarkan dingin .(If you feel too tired, do it the opposite way. Close your left nostril and breathe through your right nostril. After a while, you will feel refresh again. Because the right side belongs to heat, so it gets hot easily. The left side gets cold easily). Perempuan bernafas lebih dengan hidung sebelah kiri , sehingga hatinya cepat menjadi dingin . Laki-laki bernafas lebih dengan hidung sebelah kanan , sehingga cepat sekali marah .(Women breathe mainly with their left nostril, so they get calm down easily. Men breathe mostly with their right nostril, so they get angry easily). Apakah anda pernah memperhatikan pada saat bangun tidur, lubang hidung sebelah mana yang bernafas lebih cepat ? Sebelah kiri atau kanan ? Jika lubang hidung sebelah kiri bernafas lebih cepat , anda akan merasa sangat lelah . Tutuplah lubang hidung sebelah kiri dan gunakan lubang hidung sebelah kanan untuk bernafas , anda akan merasa segar kembali dengan cepat.( When we wake up, do we notice which nostril breathes faster? Is it the left side or the right side ? If the left nostril breathes faster, you will feel very tired. Close your left nostril and use your right nostril for breathing and you will get refresh quickly) Cara tersebut boleh diajarkan kepada anak-anak , tetapi kesannya akan lebih baik jika diterapkan kepada orang dewasa .(You can teach your kids about it. The effect of breathing therapy is much better for adults). Saya biasanya merasakan sakit kepala , dan rasanya perit. Kemudian saya berjumpa doktor dan beliau bergurau: "Anda akan sembuh jika berumah tangga !" Doktor itu tidak bicara kosong. Apa yang dia sampaikan adlah berdasarkan teori dan testimoni. Selama itu, setiap malam saya merasakan sakit kepala dan tidak dapat belajar. Saya mengambil obat , tetapi tidak sembuh .( I used to have painful headache. When consulted a doctor, he told me jokingly," You will be all right if you get married!" The doctor did not bullshit me as he had his theory and supported with testimony. During that time, I used to have headache every night and I was not able to study. I took medicine but I was not cured). Pada suatu malam, saya duduk bermeditasi dan menutup lubang hidung sebelah kanan dan bernafas dengan lubang hidung sebelah kiri . Dalam kurang dari satu minggu , sakit kepala saya sembuh . Saya teruskan melakukannya selama 1 bulan, sejak malam itu sampai sekarang , sakit kepala saya tidak berulang lagi..(One night as I sat down to medidate, I closed my right nostril and breathed with my left nostril. In less than a week, it seemed that my headache problem had left me! I continued doing it for about a month and since then there was no recurrence of headache in me) . Ini adalah pengalaman saya sendiri . Saya beritahukan hal ini kepada orang lain, jika sakit kepala, cubalah cara tersebut kerana sangat efektif buat saya. Banyak orang lain telah mencubanya dan berhasil . Ini adalah terapi alam, tidak seperti makan ubat dalam jangka panjang yang memungkinkan ada kesan sampingannya. Jadi kenapa anda tidak mencubanya ?(This is my own experience. I used to tell others who also suffer headache to try this method as it was effective for me. It also works for those who have tried as well. This is a natural therapy, unlike taking medicines for a long time may have side effect. So, why don't you try it out?) . Dengan mempraktikkan terapi pernafasan ini secara betul (menarik dan mengeluarkan nafas), keadaan tubuh anda akan sangat tenang.( Practice the correct ways of breathing/ "breathe in and breathe out" and your body will be in a very relaxing condition)

Tuesday, April 7, 2009

Syaitan Yang Di Rejam

أعوذ بالله من الشيطان الرجيم

Wednesday, March 11, 2009

WIEGHTY ISSUE

A weighty issue
How many teenagers do you know who are happy with their bodies? And how many women in their twenties? New surveys have confirmed the sadly familiar truth: that most girls would like to be thinner, and nearly all women are unhappy with their bodies. A health and lifestyle survey of more than 36,000 secondary school pupils found recently that at least one in five girls is starving herself in an attempt to lose weight .The survey found that 60 per cent of girls aged 14 to 15, and 28 per cent of boys, believe that they need to diet , even though only 13 per cent are clinically overweight. Nearly a fifth of girls said they had skipped breakfast that morning and 15 per cent said they had missed lunch the day before. Female obsession with body shape only increases with age, however, and a survey out last week showed that 85 per cent of women worry about their size and shape every day. Around 5,000 women found that eight out of 10 women thought their lives would improve considerably if they lost weight. In an attempt to achieve the perfect body, 86 per cent have tried dieting, on average 32 times, with one in 10 saying they are permanently on a diet. In spite of repeated health warnings, not to mention expert advice that they don't actually work, a quarter of all women have tried slimming pills, 25 per cent have also fasted and four out of 10 said they have suffered an eating disorder. I think girls feel they should be a certain size and if they get above that size then they've got a problem. To all those with this problem, I would like to say, push all that fat to the side and start living your life .

Tuesday, March 10, 2009

Terima kasih , kerjasama yang anda berikan amat - amat saya hargai .

Breast Cancer

What Is Breast Cancer
Breast cancer is cancer that affects the breast. The vast majority of breast cancer occurs in women, although men can develop breast cancer too.

'Cancer' is the name for a group of diseases in which the body's cells are changed in appearance and function. Such abnormal cells can grow out of control and form a mass or 'tumor.' When abnormal cells originate in the breast tissue, the mass is called a breast tumor.
A breast tumor is considered benign if it is limited to a few cell layers and does not invade surrounding tissues or organs. Yet if the tumor spreads to surrounding tissues or organs, it is considered malignant, or cancerous. Carcinoma is the term used to describe most common cancers that arise from epithelial (surface or lining) tissues. By contrast, sarcoma is the term used to define tumors that arise from bone, muscle, fat, or connective tissue.
The breasts are, in essence, a collection of fatty tissue and glands that have been adapted to secrete milk after a woman gives birth. The glands that produce milk are called lobules and the tubes that connect them to the nipples are called ducts. Correspondingly, carcinoma of the breast develops when malignant changes occur in the cells that line the lobules or, more commonly, the ducts.
There are two major types of breast cancer:
lobular carcinoma, and
ductal carcinoma.

They can be either invasive (spreading) or noninvasive (generally known as 'in situ' - confined to the original site). The majority of breast cancers (70% - 80%) arise from the ducts, which make up the bulk of breast tissue. Since lobular and ductal cells are found in the glandular tissues of the upper, central, and outer regions of the breast, this is where most breast cancers occur. Breast tumors rarely arise in the fatty or nonglandular tissues. Such tumors, when they appear, are usually sarcomas.
Cells from the tumor may break away, travel, and grow within other parts of the body. This process is known as metastasis. Breast cancer often metastasizes to sites such as the lung, bone, liver, and brain. If breast cancer is detected at an early stage - for example, before metastasis - it usually can be cured; however, as the disease progresses, the possibility of effective treatment is diminished. Fortunately, though, many breast "lumps" are caused by benign breast diseases that do not spread beyond the breasts and are not life-threatening.
Facts About Breast Cancer:
A diagnosis of breast cancer is alarming, but the good news is that most women recover from it. Improvements in breast cancer detection have helped to limit the harmful potential of this disease. In fact, during the last decade, the majority of breast cancers reported in the U.S. were small, very treatable, early-stage tumors.
Overall, about 83% of women survive breast cancer, as shown by recent 5-year survival statistics. Although these numbers don't guarantee that a person will be in the 'favorable' statistical group, they do show that the likelihood of beating breast cancer is good. If breast cancer is detected and treated in the early stages, the chances of complete recovery are even better.
With the exception of skin cancer, breast cancer is the most common cancer among American women. Recent findings from the National Cancer Institute (NCI) indicate that an American woman has a one in eight chance of developing breast cancer during her lifetime. And the American Cancer Society predicts that about 184,200 new cases of invasive breast cancer will be diagnosed in the year 2000.
Breast cancer also can strike men, although cancer of the male breast accounts for only 5% of all diagnosed breast cancers.
Over the last 5 years, patients have benefited from many advances in breast cancer treatment. Breast conservation - the saving of the breast - has increased enormously because of early diagnosis and the widespread use of mammograms (x-rays of the breast). In addition, new anti-cancer drugs such as paclitaxel (Taxol®) and trastuzumab (Herceptin®) have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and show promise in the treatment of people with advanced disease.
The progress made in breast cancer detection and treatment is perhaps best reflected by mortality (death rate) figures. U.S. statistics show that breast cancer mortality decreased significantly between 1992 and 1996 - with the largest decline seen in younger women. Therefore, although breast cancer is a major concern among American women, it can be managed successfully. The following sections will explain the causes and treatment of breast cancer, as well as some of the methods used to overcome the far-reaching effects of this disease.